What's the World's Most Powerful Passport for 2023?

In 2022, there were 151,814,305 valid passports in circulation in the U.S. That’s the highest the number’s ever been, and yet it accounts for only around 46% of the population.

It feels lower still when considering that the U.S. passport is one of the most dynamic personal identification documents in the world. At least in terms of how it compares to other countries’ passports.

For the uninitiated, not all passports hold the same weight. Some are actually more “powerful” than others, based on the country of issue. Japan, for example, has held onto the top spot for years, thanks to the versatility of its passport, which allows access to 193 countries in the word sans visa. Alternatively, there are also some people who, as a birthright, also have — or are eligible for — more than one passport, which in turn grants them various freedoms while traveling.

So how does your passport compare? Thanks to the annual Henley Passport Index, which was just updated this week for 2023, you can know for sure.

Per their website, the Henley Passport Index is “the original, authoritative ranking of all the world’s passports according to the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior visa. The index is based on exclusive data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) — the largest, most accurate travel information database — and enhanced by Henley & Partners’ research team.”

You’ll Never Guess How Much the World’s Most Expensive Passport Is

And we thought the $20 increase in U.S. passport fees this past winter were not great…

Here’s how their ranking system works: “For each travel destination, if no visa is required for passport holders from a country or territory, then a score with value = 1 is created for that passport. A score with value = 1 is also applied if passport holders can obtain a visa on arrival, a visitor’s permit, or an electronic travel authority (ETA) when entering the destination. These visa-types require no pre-departure government approval, because of the specific visa-waiver programs in place.”

It continues: “Where a visa is required, or where a passport holder has to obtain a government-approved electronic visa (e-Visa) before departure, a score with value = 0 is assigned. A score with value = 0 is also assigned if passport holders need pre-departure government approval for a visa on arrival, a scenario we do not consider ‘visa-free.’”

The highlights of this year’s list:

The Japanese passport is once again (for the fifth year in a row) the world’s most powerful, with access — in theory — to 193 countries worldwide.
South Korea and Singapore are tied for second, with an access score of 192. (For the previous two years, Singapore and Japan were tied for first.)
Germany and Spain came in third, with an access score of 190. (Germany was also in third for the last two years.)
The U.S. passport came in seventh place — down from sixth last year — at 186, tied with Belgium, Czech Republic, New Zealand, Norway and Switzerland, and behind 16 other countries altogether. The last time the U.S. held the highest-ranking passport spot was in 2014.
The lowest-ranking passport on the list belongs to Afghanistan, with an access ranking of 27.

Of course, just because a passport does not grant its users access to a country by itself doesn’t mean that they can’t arrive there by other methods — it just means that your destination country may require a visa in addition to a passport to visit. To check out the full list, and see the details of your own passport, head here.